Physics of Fluids - Publications

Biofilm removal from a simulated isthmus and lateral canal during syringe irrigation at various flow rates: a combined experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics approach

Open Access
International Endodontic Journal 54, 427–438 (2021)

Authors

	T.C. Pereira
	Christos Boutsioukis
	R.J.B. Dijkstra
	X. Petridis
	Michel Versluis
	F.B. de Andrade
	W.J. van de Meer
	P.K. Sharma
	Lucas W. M. van der Sluis
	M.V.R. So

BibTeΧ

@article{https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13420,
author = {Pereira, T. C. and Boutsioukis, C. and Dijkstra, R. J. B. and Petridis, X. and Versluis, M. and de Andrade, F. B. and van de Meer, W. J. and Sharma, P. K. and van der Sluis, L. W. M. and So, M. V. R.},
title = {Biofilm removal from a simulated isthmus and lateral canal during syringe irrigation at various flow rates: a combined experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics approach},
journal = {International Endodontic Journal},
volume = {n/a},
number = {n/a},
pages = {},
keywords = {biofilm, isthmus, lateral canal, sodium hypochlorite, velocity},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13420},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/iej.13420},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/iej.13420},
abstract = {Abstract Aim (i) To quantify biofilm removal from a simulated isthmus and a lateral canal in an artificial root canal system during syringe irrigation with NaOCl at different concentrations and delivered at various flow rates (ii) to examine whether biofilm removal is further improved by a final high-flow-rate rinse with an inert irrigant following irrigation with NaOCl. (iii) to simulate the irrigant flow in these areas using a computer model (iv) to examine whether the irrigant velocity calculated by the computer model is correlated to biofilm removal. Methodology Ninety-six artificial root canals with either a simulated isthmus or lateral canal were used. A dual-species in vitro biofilm was formed in these areas using a Constant Depth Film Fermenter. NaOCl at various concentrations (2, 5 and 10\%) or adhesion buffer (control) was delivered for 30¬†s by a syringe and an open-ended needle at 0.033, 0.083, or 0.166¬†mL¬†s‚àí1 or passively deposited in the main root canal (phase 1). All specimens were subsequently rinsed for 30¬†s with adhesion buffer at 0.166¬†mL¬†s‚àí1 (phase 2). The biofilm was scanned by Optical Coherence Tomography to determine the percentage of the remaining biofilm. Results were analysed by two 3-way mixed-design ANOVAs (Œ±¬†=¬†0.05). A Computational Fluid Dynamics model was used to simulate the irrigant flow inside the artificial root canal system. Results The flow rate during phase 1 and additional irrigation during phase 2 had a significant effect on the percentage of the remaining biofilm in the isthmus (P¬†=¬†0.004 and P¬†<¬†0.001). Additional irrigation during phase 2 also affected the remaining biofilm in the lateral canal significantly (P¬†‚â§¬†0.007) but only when preceded by irrigation at medium or high flow rate during phase 1. The effect of NaOCl concentration was not significant (P¬†>¬†0.05). Irrigant velocity in the isthmus and lateral canal increased with increasing flow rate and it was substantially correlated to biofilm removal from those areas. Conclusions The irrigant flow rate affected biofilm removal in vitro more than NaOCl concentration. Irrigant velocity predicted by the computer model corresponded with the pattern of biofilm removal from the simulated isthmus and lateral canal.}
}